Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is often misunderstood as a one-size-fits-all condition. In reality, ADHD presents in different ways, and understanding the variations is crucial for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and supportive strategies. Whether you’re concerned about yourself, a child, or someone close to you, recognising the different types of ADHD can help you take meaningful steps forward — often with the guidance of an experienced ADHD psychologist.
Understanding ADHD: More Than Just Hyperactivity
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects executive functioning — the brain’s ability to regulate attention, impulses, and behaviour. It typically emerges in childhood, though many adults go undiagnosed for years, especially if their symptoms aren’t disruptive in traditional ways.
ADHD is classified into three distinct presentations:
1. Predominantly Inattentive Presentation (ADHD-I)
This type is often what people previously referred to as ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder). It doesn’t typically involve high levels of hyperactivity, which means it can go unnoticed — particularly in quiet or well-behaved children and high-functioning adults. Common traits include:
- Difficulty sustaining focus on tasks or conversations
- Tendency to make careless mistakes due to inattention
- Easily distracted by external stimuli or unrelated thoughts
- Struggles with organisation and time management
- Often forgetful or prone to losing items
This presentation is especially prevalent among females, who may internalise their struggles, leading to missed diagnoses.
2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation (ADHD-HI)
This less common type involves symptoms related to excessive movement, restlessness, and impulsivity, but without significant inattention. It’s more likely to be noticed early, especially in school settings. Typical behaviours include:
- Constant fidgeting or tapping
- Difficulty staying seated
- Interrupting others or blurting out answers
- Talking excessively or out of turn
- Impatience or risk-taking behaviours
This presentation can be particularly challenging in structured environments that demand stillness or self-regulation.
3. Combined Presentation (ADHD-C)
This is the most common form of ADHD and involves symptoms from both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive categories. Individuals with this presentation may struggle with both maintaining focus and managing impulsivity. Signs of ADHD-C may include:
- Difficulty completing tasks
- Trouble waiting turns
- Frequently interrupting conversations
- Losing focus mid-task or mid-conversation
- Difficulty following through on instructions
Because it combines multiple symptoms, ADHD-C can significantly affect academic, social, and work performance if not addressed early.
Diagnosing and Managing ADHD
Diagnosis of ADHD involves a comprehensive assessment of behavioural patterns, history, and how symptoms impact day-to-day life. It’s not a quick checklist but rather a nuanced process best carried out by a qualified ADHD psychologist, especially one experienced in understanding both child and adult presentations. Effective treatment often includes a combination of:
- Behavioural therapy
- Cognitive behavioural strategies
- Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, sleep routines)
- Education and support for families and teachers
- In some cases, medication
Why Accurate Identification Matters
Misdiagnosing ADHD — or missing it entirely — can lead to ongoing struggles with self-esteem, academic performance, employment, and relationships. Conversely, a well-informed diagnosis can unlock tailored strategies and tools to manage the condition positively. With support, people with ADHD can harness their creativity, energy, and problem-solving skills to thrive in all areas of life.
ADHD is not a one-size-fits-all condition
Whether it’s inattentiveness, hyperactivity, or a combination of both, understanding the type of ADHD you’re dealing with is the first step toward effective management. If you or someone close to you might be showing signs, consulting with an experienced psychologist can provide clarity, support, and the right path forward.
